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عيد الأضحى
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Eid al-Adha
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"Feast of the
Sacrifice"
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Blessings for Eid Al-Adha.
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Observed by
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Type
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Significance
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Commemoration
of Ibrahim (Abraham)'s
willingness to sacrifice his young first-born and only son in obedience of a
command from God
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Celebrations
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Eid salat
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Gatherings of
family and friends
Meals, especially lunches and late breakfasts (brunches)
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Wearing clean
clothes
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Giving money/gifts
to kids as a token of love
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Helping the poor by
giving foods, money, meat and clothes in the name of zakath
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Observances
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Dhabihah, sacrifice of a sheep, cow, goat,
buffalo or camel
Donating one-third of the sacrifice meat to friends and neighbors
Donating one-third or more of the sacrifice meat to the poor and needy
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Begins
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Ends
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13 Dhu al-Hijjah
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Date
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10 Dhu al-Hijjah
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11 September (Umm al-Qura)[2]
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2017 date
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1 September[2]
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2018 date
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21 August[2]
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Related to
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Hajj
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Umrah
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Eid
al-Adha (Arabic: عيد الأضحى ʿīd
al-aḍḥā, [ʕiːd ælˈʔɑdˤħæː],
"Festival of the Sacrifice"), also called the "Sacrifice
Feast" or "Bakr-Eid", is the second of two Muslim holidays celebrated
worldwide each year, and considered the holier of the two. It honors the
willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his
son, as an act of submission to God's command,
before God then intervened, through his angel Jibra'il (Gabriel) and informs him
that his sacrifice has already been accepted. The meat from the sacrificed
animal is preferred to be divided into three parts. The family retains one
third of the share; another third is given to relatives, friends and neighbors;
and the remaining third is given to the poor and needy.
In
the Islamic lunar calendar, Eid al-Adha falls on the
10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah and lasts for
three days.[3] In the
international(Gregorian)
calendar, the dates vary from year to year drifting approximately 11
days earlier each year.
Eid
al-Adha is the latter of the two Eid holidays, the former being Eid al-Fitr. The
word "Eid" appears once in Al-Ma'ida, the fifth
sura of the Quran, with the meaning "solemn festival".[4]
Like
Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha begins with a sunnah prayer of two rakats followed
by a sermon (khutbah). Eid
al-Adha celebrations start after the descent of the Hujjaj,
the pilgrims performing the Hajj, from Mount Arafat , a hill east of Mecca. Eid sacrifice may take place until
sunset on the 13th day of Dhu al-Hijjah.[5] The days of Eid
have been singled out in the Hadith as "days of
remembrance" and considered the holiest days in the Islamic Calendar.
The takbir (days) of Tashriq are from the Fajr prayer of the 9th of
Dhu al-Hijjah up to the Asr prayer of the 13th of
Dhu al-Hijjah (five days and four nights). This equals 23 prayers: five on the
9th–12th, which equals 20, and three on the 13th.[6]
Other names
The
Arabic term "festival of the sacrifice", ʿīd al-aḍḥā / ʿīd ul-aḍḥā is borrowed into Indo-Aryan
languages such
as Urdu, Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati, and Austronesian languages such as Malay andIndonesian (the last often
spelling it as Aidil
Adha or Idul Adha).
Another Arabic word for "sacrifice" is Qurbani (Arabic: قربان.) The Semitic root Q-R-B (Hebrew ק-ר-ב) means "to be close to someone/something"; other
words from the root include qarov, "close",
and qerovim, "relatives." The senses of root meaning
"to offer" suggest that the act of offering brings one closer to the
receiver of the offering (here, God). The same stem is found in Hebrew and for
example in the Akkadian language noun aqribtu "act
of offering."
Eid
al-Kabir, an Arabic term meaning "the Greater
Eid" (the "Lesser Eid" being Eid al-Fitr),[7] is used in
Yemen, Syria, and North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt).
The term was borrowed directly into French as Aïd el-Kebir.
Translations of "Big Eid" or "Greater Eid" are used in
Pashto (لوی اختر Loy
Axtar), Kashmiri (Baed Eid),
Urdu and Hindi (Baṛī Īd), Tamil (Peru Nāl,
"Great Day") and Malayalam (Bali
Perunnal, "Great Day of Sacrifice"). Albanian, however,
usesBajram(i) i vogël or
"the Lesser Eid" (as opposed to Bajram
i Madh, the "Greater Eid", for Eid al-Fitr) as
an alternative reference to Eid al-Adha.[citation needed]
The
festival is also called "Bakr-Eid" in Urdu and Hindustani
languages (بقر عید, baqr
`īd),[8][better source needed] stemming from
the Arabic word al-Baqara meaning
"The Cow", although some have wrongly attributed it to the Urdu and
Hindustani word bakrī,
meaning "goat", because of the tradition of sacrificing a goat in
South Asia on this festival. This term is also borrowed into other Indian
languages, such as Tamil Bakr
`Īd Peru Nāl.[citation needed] Some names refer
to the fact that the holiday occurs after the culmination of the annual Hajj. Such names are
used in Malaysian and Indonesian (Hari Raya Haji "Hajj
celebration day",[9][10][11] Lebaran Haji,Lebaran
Kaji), and Tamil (Hajji Peru Nāl).[citation needed]
It's
also known as Id
ul Baqarah in
Egypt, Saudi Arabia and in the Middle East, as Eid è Qurbon in Iran, Kurban Bayrami ("the
Holiday of Sacrifice") in Turkey, Baqarah
Eid in
India, Pakistan and Trinidad, Eid
el-Kebir in
Morocco, Tfaska
Tamoqqart in
the Berber language of Jerba, Iduladha or Qurban in Singapore,
Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines, Qurbani
Eid in
Bangladesh, Bakr-Id ("Goat
Eid") in parts of Pakistan and India and Tabaski or Tobaski in Senegal and
West Africa[9][10][11][12] (most probably
borrowed from the Serer language — an ancient Serer religious festival[13][14][15][16][source needs translation]), Babbar Sallah in Hausa language, Pagdiriwang ng
Sakripisyo in Filipino and ciida gawraca in Somali.[citation needed] Eid al-Adha has
had other names outside the Muslim world. The name is often simply translated
into the local language, such as English Feast
of the Sacrifice, German Opferfest,
Dutch Offerfeest, Romanian Sărbătoarea
Sacrificiului, and Hungarian Áldozati ünnep.
In Spanish it is known as Fiesta
del Cordero[17] or Fiesta del
Borrego[18] (both meaning
"festival of the lamb").
Origin
According
to Islamic tradition,
the valley of Mecca (in present-day Saudi Arabia) was a
dry, rocky, and uninhabited place. God instructed Abraham to bring Hagar (Hājar), his Arabian
(Adnan) wife, and Ishmael to the Arabia from the land of Canaan.
As
Abraham was preparing for his return journey back to Canaan, Hagar asked him,
"Did God order you to
leave us here? Or are you leaving us here to die?" Abraham did not even
look back. He just nodded, afraid that he would be too sad and that he would
disobey God. Hagar said, "Then God will not waste us; you can go".
Though Abraham had left a large quantity of food and water with Hagar and
Ishmael, the supplies quickly ran out, and within a few days the two began to
feel the pangs of hunger and dehydration.
Hagar
ran up and down between two hills, al-Safa and Al-Marwah, seven times, in her desperate
quest for water. Exhausted, she finally collapsed beside her baby Ishmael and
prayed to God for deliverance. Miraculously, a spring of water gushed forth
from the earth at the feet of baby Ishmael. Other accounts have the angel Jibra'il,
striking the earth and causing the spring to flow in abundance. With this
secure water supply, known as the Zamzam Well, they
were not only able to provide for their own needs, but were also able to trade
water with passing nomads for food and supplies.
Years
later, Abraham was instructed by God to return from Canaan to build a place of
worship adjacent to Hagar's well (the Zamzam Well). Abraham and Ishmael
constructed a stone and mortar structure – known as the Kaaba – which was to be the gathering
place for all who wished to strengthen their faith in God. As the years passed,
Ishmael was blessed with nubuwwah (prophethood)
and gave the nomads of the desert his message of submission to God. After many
centuries, Mecca became a thriving desert city and a major center for trade,
thanks to its reliable water source, the Zamzam Well.
One
of the main trials of Abraham's life was to face the command of God to
sacrifice his dearest possession, his son. The son is not named in the Quran,
but most modern Muslims believe it to be Ismail. Upon hearing
this command, Abraham prepared to submit to will of God. During
this preparation, Shaitan (the Devil) tempted Abraham
and his family by trying to dissuade them from carrying out God's commandment,
and Abraham drove Satan away by throwing pebbles at him. In commemoration of
their rejection of Satan, stones are thrown at symbolic pillars during the Stoning
of the Devil during
Hajj rites.
When
Abraham attempted to cut his throat, he was astonished to see that his son was
unharmed and instead, he found a dead ram which was slaughtered. Abraham had
passed the test by his willingness to carry out God's command.[19][20]
This
is mentioned in the Quran as follows:
100 "O
my Lord! Grant me a righteous (son)!"
101 So We gave him the good news of a boy ready to suffer and forbear.
102 Then, when (the son) reached (the age of) (serious) work with him, he said: "O my son! I see in vision that I offer thee in sacrifice: Now see what is thy view!" (The son) said: "O my father! Do as thou art commanded: thou will find me, if Allah so wills one practising Patience and Constancy!"
103 So when they had both submitted their wills (to Allah), and he had laid him prostrate on his forehead (for sacrifice),
104 We called out to him "O Abraham!
105 "Thou hast already fulfilled the vision!" – thus indeed do We reward those who do right.
106 For this was obviously a trial–
107 And We ransomed him with a momentous sacrifice:
108 And We left (this blessing) for him among generations (to come) in later times:
109 "Peace and salutation to Abraham!"
110 Thus indeed do We reward those who do right.
111 For he was one of our believing Servants.
112 And We gave him the good news of Isaac – a prophet – one of the Righteous.
101 So We gave him the good news of a boy ready to suffer and forbear.
102 Then, when (the son) reached (the age of) (serious) work with him, he said: "O my son! I see in vision that I offer thee in sacrifice: Now see what is thy view!" (The son) said: "O my father! Do as thou art commanded: thou will find me, if Allah so wills one practising Patience and Constancy!"
103 So when they had both submitted their wills (to Allah), and he had laid him prostrate on his forehead (for sacrifice),
104 We called out to him "O Abraham!
105 "Thou hast already fulfilled the vision!" – thus indeed do We reward those who do right.
106 For this was obviously a trial–
107 And We ransomed him with a momentous sacrifice:
108 And We left (this blessing) for him among generations (to come) in later times:
109 "Peace and salutation to Abraham!"
110 Thus indeed do We reward those who do right.
111 For he was one of our believing Servants.
112 And We gave him the good news of Isaac – a prophet – one of the Righteous.
Abraham
had shown that his love for God superseded all others: that he would lay down
his own life or the lives of those dearest to him in submission to God's
command. Muslims commemorate this ultimate act of sacrifice every year during
Eid al-Adha. While Abraham was prepared to make an ultimate sacrifice, God
ultimately prevents the sacrifice, additionally signifying that one should
never sacrifice a human life, especially not in the name of God.
Eid prayers
Devotees
offer the Eid al-Adha prayers at the mosque.
Who must attend
1. Men should go to mosque—or a Eidgah (a field where
eid prayer held)—to perform eid prayer; Salat al-Eid is Wajib according toHanafi and Shia (Ja'fari) scholars, Sunnah al-Mu'kkadah according to Maliki and Shafi'i jurisprudence.
Women are also highly encouraged to attend, although it is not compulsory.
Menstruating women do not participate in the formal prayer, but should be
present to witness the goodness and the gathering of the Muslims.[23]
2. Residents, which excludes travellers.
3. Those in good health.
When is it
performed]
The
Eid al-Adha prayer is performed any time after the sun completely rises up to
just before the entering of Zuhr time, on the
10th of Dhu al-Hijjah. In the event of a force majeure (e.g. natural
disaster), the prayer may be delayed to the 11th of Dhu al-Hijjah and then to
the 12th of Dhu al-Hijjah.
The Sunnah of
preparation
In
keeping with the sunnah of Muhammad, Muslims
are encouraged to prepare themselves for the occasion of Eid. Below is a list
of things Muslims are recommended to do in preparation for the Eid al-Adha
festival:
2.
Prepare
for personal cleanliness—take care of details of clothing, etc.
3.
Dress
up, putting on new or best clothes available.
Rites of the Eid
prayers
The
scholars differed concerning the ruling on Eid prayers. There
are three scholarly points of view:
3.
That
it is Wajib on all Muslim men
(a duty for each Muslim and is obligatory for men); those who do not do it
without an excuse are considered sinners. This is the view ofAhmad ibn Hanbal,
and was also narrated from Abu Hanifa.
Eid
prayers must be offered in congregation. Participation of women in the prayer
congregation varies from community to community.[24] It consists of
two rakats (units) with
seven takbirs in the first
Raka'ah and five Takbirs in the second Raka'ah. For Sunni Muslims, Salat
al-Eid differs from the five daily canonical prayers in that no adhan (call to prayer)
or iqama (call) is
pronounced for the two Eid prayers.[25][26] The salat (prayer) is then
followed by the khutbah, or sermon, by the Imam.
At
the conclusion of the prayers and sermon, Muslims embrace and exchange greetings
with one other (Eid
Mubarak), give gifts (Eidi) to
children, and visit one another. Many Muslims also take this opportunity to
invite their non-Muslim friends, neighbours, co-workers and classmates to their
Eid festivities to better acquaint them about Islam and Muslim culture.[27]
The Takbir and
other rites
The
Takbir is recited from the dawn of the ninth of Dhu al-Hijjah to the
thirteenth, and consists of:[28]
Allāhu
akbar, Allāhu akbar
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الله أكبر الله أكبر
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lā
ilāha illā-Allāh
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لا إله إلا الله
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Wallāhu
akbar, Allāhu akbar
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والله أكبر الله أكبر
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walillāhi
l-ḥamd
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ولله الحمد
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God
is greatest, God is greatest,
There is no god but God
God is greatest, God is greatest
and to God goes all praise.
There is no god but God
God is greatest, God is greatest
and to God goes all praise.
Multiple
variations of this recitation exist across the Muslim world.
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